Gregory A. Evans
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1. Fore wing with marginal
and stigmal veins absent; pronotum reaching tegula;
body entirely black and heavily sclerotized; female antennal flagellum
8-segmented,
consisting of 5 funicle segments and 3-segmented compact club; tarsi 5-5-5.
(Superfamily Platygastroidea).......................................................................2
1b. Fore wing with marginal and
stigmal veins present, pronotum separated from tegula
by prepectus, male and female flagellum with 1-9 segments; body usually
not entirely
black and heavily sclerotized; tarsi 5-5-5, 4-4-4, or rarely 5-4-5.
(Superfamily Chalcidoidea)...........................................................................3
2(1) Fore wing without submarginal vein; body
with few setae; male antennal flagellum
with 7 funicle segments, one club segment and F2 with tongue-shaped sensory
organ.....................................................................................................Amitus
Distibution: 21 species - Nearctic, Neotropical, Palearctic, Oriental,
Hawaii
Host: Mostly Aleyrodinae,1 species from Aleurodicinae
2b.
Fore wing with submarginal vein; body with many setae; male antennal flagellum
with 5 funicle segments, 3 fused club segments and F2 without tongue-shaped
sensory organ..................................................................................Aleyroctonus
Distibution: 2 species - Australiasian. Host: Aleurodicinae
3(1).
All tarsi 4-segmented..............................................................................................4
3b.
All tarsi usually 5-segmented, middle leg tarsus 4-segmented in some Encarsia..12
4(3).
Fore wing narrow, disk length 2x maximum disk width with a row of setae
along the wing margin and 1-2 rows transversing the disk; antennal flagellum
consisting of 2 funicle (one transverse and one cylindrical) and 1 elongate
club
segment; male antennal flagellum with 1 funicle and 1 elongate club segment.
.................................................................................................................Cales
Distribution: 3 species - Neotropical, Australasian, 1 introduced to Europe.
Host: Aleyrodinae
4b.
Fore wing broad, disk length usually as long as, or shorter than maximum
disk
width and with many setae evenly distributed throughout disk; antennal
flagellum
variable................................................................................................................5
5(4b).
Antennal flagellum 3-segmented consisting of 2 short funicle segments and
1
elongate club segment; body usually yellowish; male antennal flagellum
consisting of 1 very elongate club segment.....................................Eretmocerus
Distribution: 62 species - worldwide. Host: Aleyrodinae
5b.
Antennal flagellum with more than 3 segments, most similar in size and
shape;
club 3-4 segmented body usually not yellowish; male antennal club 2-4
segmented..........................................................................................................6
6(5b)
Antenna with 4-segmented club and 5 funicle segments; mesoscutum as long
as
scutellum; stigmal vein extremely short. (Pteromalidae)....................Idioporus
Distribution: 1 species - Neotropical. Host: Aleurodicinae: Aleurodicus
dugesii
6b.
Antenna with 3-segmented club and 1-2 funicle segments; mesoscutum longer
than scutellum; stigmal vein long Eulophidae......................................................7
7(6b)
Scutellum with 1 or 2 pairs of setae and distinctly wider than long; midlobe
of mesoscutum usually with 1-2 pairs of setae; submarginal vein with 1-2
setae.......................................................Euderomphale
group..........................8
Distribution: Worldwide. Host: Aleyrodinae.
7b.
Scutellum and midlobe of mesoscutum with many setae and usually not
distinctly wider than long; submarginal vein with more than 2 setae;
...........................................................Entedononecremnus
group...................10
Distribution: Neotropical. Host: Aleurodicinae.
8(7)
Axilla large and clearly separated from mesoscutum by complete sutures;
scutellum with 2 pairs of setae; antenna with 2 funicle segments
.....................................................................................................Euderomphale
Distribution: 14 species - Nearctic, Neotropical, Palearctic, Ethiopian,
Oriental. Host: Aleyrodinae.
8b.
Axilla fused to mesoscutum, scutellum with 1 pair of setae; antenna with
1
funicle segment (small anelli/ring segments maybe present)................................9
9(8b)
Submarginal vein with 2 setae; F1 cylindrical (longer than wide); mesosoma
sculpture usually smooth; common species N. aleurothrixi with yellow
body
with transverse bands on apical gastral tergites IV-VI and from Aleurothrixus
floccosus
...........................................................................................................Neopomphale
Distribution: 3 species - Nearctic, Neotropical. Host: Aleyrodinae
9b.
Submarginal vein with 1 setae; F1 transverse (wider than long); mesosoma
sculpture with raised reticulations; body metallic purple........................Pomphale
Distribution: 2 species - Oriental. Host: Aleyrodinae
10(7b)
F2 distinctly longer than wide and about 2x as long as F1; eyes bare.
........................................................................................Entedononecremnus
Distribution: 2 species - Nearctic, Neotropical. Host: Aleurodicinae
10b.
F2 transverse and about as long as F1; eyes with many small setae........................
11
11(10b)
Gaster dark with yellow to white base; postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal
vein;
submarginal vein setae long..................................................................Aleurotonus
Distribution: 1 species - Nearctic, Neotropical. Host: Aleurodicinae: Aleurodicus
11b.
Gaster entirely dark; postmarginal vein as long or longer than stigmal
vein;
submarginal vein setae short.................................................................Dasyomphale
Distribution: 1 species - Neotropical. Host: Aleurodicinae
12(3b). Antennal flagellum 4-segmented consisting of 3 transverse funicle segments
and
one elongate club segment; fore wing disk asetose; scutellum rectangular,
width at
least 4x its length; hyperparasitoids (Signiphoridae)...............................Signiphora
Distribution: 4 species as hyperparasites through Aleyrodinae in Nearctic,
Neotropics
12b.
Antennal flagellum with more than 4 segments; apical segment not greatly
elongate; forewing disk setose; scutellum oval.....................................................13
13(12b) Antennal flagellum 11-segmented with 6 funicle and 3 club segments; marginal
vein shorter than stigmal vein; male antennae 9-segmented (Encyrtidae)..Metaphycus
Distribution: Many species but only 1-3 undescribed Neotropical species
from Aleyrodinae
13b.
Antennal flagellum 5 or 6-segmented, marginal vein long, distinctly longer than
stigmal vein...........................................................................................................14
14(13b)
Antennae flagellum 5 segmented and usually multicolored; fore wing with
infuscate and hyaline areas, usually extending into the fore wing disk;
male
antenna with small ring segment between F2 and F4................................
Ablerus
Distribution: 88 species but 9 species known as hyperparasites through
Aleyrodinae.
Host: hyperparasites through Aleyrodinae and other families and orders
of insects.
14b.
Antennal flagellum 6-segmented, sometimes 5 segmented in males) and
unicolorous; fore wing with without infuscate and hyaline areas (some
Encarsia with dark area under marginal vein, but not extending into
disk);
male antenna without small ring segment...............................................................15
15(14b)
Mesoscutum with few setae (less than 20) arranged in bilateral symmetry;
scutellum distinctly wider than long; axillae short, separated from each
other
by more than maximum length of axilla.....................................................Encarsia
Distribution: Over 200 species, 158 species known from Aleyrodidae
15b.
Mesoscutum with many scattered setae (more than 20); scutellum circular;
axillae long, separated from each other by less than maximum length of
axilla.....16
16(15b)
Placoid sensillae of scutellum placed close to each other, separated by
about
the diameter of one sensillum; side lobes divided; sculpture of mesoscutum
aciculate......................................................................................................Dirphys
Distribution: 6 species -Neotropical. Host: Aleurodicinae.
16b.
Placoid sensillae of scutellum widely separated; side lobes not divided;
sculpture of mesoscutum imbricate/reticulate........................................Encarsiella
Distribution: 12 species, worldwide but mostly Neotropical. Host: Aleurodicinae
(1 species known from Aleyrodinae)